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Saline County is a county located along the Missouri River in the U.S. state of Missouri. As of the 2010 census, the population was 23,370.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/29/29195.html )〕 Its county seat is Marshall.〔(【引用サイトリンク】accessdate=2011-06-07 )〕 The county was established November 25, 1820, and named for the region's salt springs. Settled primarily by migrants from the Upper South during the nineteenth century, this county was in the region bordering the Missouri River known as "Little Dixie". In the antebellum years it had plantations supported by enslaved workers. One-third of the county population was African American at the start of the American Civil War, but their proportion of the residents has declined dramatically to little more than five percent. Saline County comprises the Marshall, MO Micropolitan Statistical Area. ==History== Historically Saline County was occupied for thousands of years by succeeding cultures of Missouri Native Americans. Saline County was organized by European-American settlers on November 25, 1820, and was named from the salinity of the springs found in the region. After periods of conflict as settlers competed for resources and encroached on their territory, the local Native Americans, including the Osage nation, were forced by the US to relocate to reservations in Indian Territory, first in Kansas and then in Oklahoma. Saline County was among several along the Missouri River that were settled primarily by migrants from the Upper South states of Kentucky, Tennessee and Virginia. The settlers quickly started cultivating crops similar to those in Middle Tennessee and Kentucky: hemp and tobacco; they had brought slave workers with them to central Missouri, or purchased them from slave traders. These counties settled by southerners became known as "Little Dixie." By the time of the Civil War, one-third of the county population was African American; most of them were enslaved laborers on major plantations, particularly for labor-intensive tobacco cultivation. In 1847 the state legislature had prohibited any African Americans from being educated. After the war, freedmen and other residents had a hunger for education. The state's new constitution established public education for all citizens for the first time.〔Robert Brigham, ''The Education of the Negro in Missouri,'' Ph.D. Dissertation, University of Missouri- Columbia, 1946, p. 83〕 It was segregated, in keeping with local custom. Each township with 20 or more African-American students were supposed to establish a school for them, but rural areas lagged in the number of schools and jurisdictions underfunded those for blacks. By the early 20th century, Saline County had eighteen schools for black students.〔(''Rural and Small Town Schools in Missouri'' ), Dept. of Natural Resources, State Historic Preservation Officer, 2002, p. 10, accessed 15 March 2015〕 The remaining black schools from the Jim Crow era have been studied by the State Historic Preservation Office and many are being nominated to the National Register of Historic Places. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Saline County, Missouri」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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